The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.